Дамы и господа кто нибудь может поспособствовать переводу текста на английском?
ВОт сообсна и сам текст..
Clinical and Experimental studies on the Etiology of Alveolar Pyorrhea, Chronic Marginal Periodontitus
The etiology of alveolar pyorrhea ( A.P), chronic marginal periodontitis, are in the state groping in the dark at present. In the study of the etiology of this disease. The wide viewpoint from the constitutional side should naturally be taken in addition to the simple local stand point.
As the starting point, however, the local changes characteristic of this disease should be studied in detail, and then a constitutional factor or factors should be added for the synthetic evaluations.
1. Studies on the Relation of A.P. to Histamine and its Related Substances
1. Considering an imaginable role of histamine in inflammations or allergic reactions, some clinical and experimental studies were made for the purrose of findings the relationship of the pathological changes of A.P. to local histamine.
2. Gingivae in the case of A.P. showed a remarkable quantitative in crease of histamine, compared with those in the case of normal healthy controls. It could be noticed that this increase had an increasing tendency in proportion to the degree of inflammatory pathologic changes in the gingiva
3. In the gingivae of A.P. an increase of mast cells and their morphologic changes, particularly disintegration, were seen and the grade of changes was almost parallel to an increase of histamine.
4. When a histamine solution was repeatedly injected into the mucobuccal folds of animals, a remarkable increase of histamine and mast cells in the injected gingivae were recognized with inflammatory changes. An increase of gingival histamine could be hardly recognized by means of a simple mechanical simulation or local anaphylaxis alone. However, in the combination of two, the increase of histamine was seen and relatively remarkable inflammatory changes suggestive of A.P. were macroscopically and microscopically and noticed
5. Topical applications of the ointment mixed with sinomenine, histamineliberating substance, and benadryl, antihistamine substance, repeated every other day in the gingival pocets, showed favorable effects in silght or early cases of A.P.
2. General Clinical Statistical Observation on A.P.
1. In each patient with this disease, general status especially those which are related to the appearance and course of the present disease was surveyed as the fundamental study. Through the statistical observation of these data attempts were made to understand important factors.
2. The subjects selected for the study were 1532 cases. Furthermore, the comparison of patients between in the outpatient clinic and in the local inhabitants or between in the cold and warm areas was contained in this study.
The items studied included,
a) sex and age
b) occupation
c) area of habitation
d) chief complaints
e) history and treatment
f) Etiology and hereditary factor
g) Relationship with the state of health
h) Relationship with general status
i) Relationship with constitution of the body
j) Relationship with nutrients
k) Relationship with habitual drugs
l) Relationship with cleaning of mouth and teeth
m) Relationship with habit, formation
n) Relationship with menstruation, pregnancy and delivery
4 The age of onset was slightly younger in females; The incidence increased approximately in proportion with age, Similar tendency was found in the degree of symptoms; However, a great difference was found between those who visited the clinic for treatment and the actual group of patients.
b) In the outpatient clinic, there were many employees, while patients in the local inhabitants mainly consisted of farmers especially in the cold country
c) Relative preponderance of agricultural and fishing village was seen.
d) Gingival bleeding was most frequent and other complaints were approximately in agreement main symptoms
e) In only less 40% , a correct diagnosis was established in the past. Treatment was as rule of short duration.
f) Pregnancy and delivery showed an overwhelming frequency. Hereditary relationship was seen only in about 1/3
g) Most patients were healthy especially in warm climates
h) Diseases of the liver was most frequent
i) in the majority of cases the tendency of allergic constitution and senile or degenerative tendency were seen.
j) Fat deficiency was frequently complained
k) No habitual use of harmful drug was seen
l) Those with less number of cleaning and short time dedicated for cleaning were frequently seen
m) Many liked stimulative food and had habits
n) Menstruation tended to be late in appearance and pregnancy and delivery to be freguent.
Clinical Statistical Observation on the local State of A.P.
1. The characteristics of each tooth was described according to main symptoms in order to assess the local factors. The subjects for study were approximately as described before.
2. The items of examination included,
a) states of swelling, degeneration, or reddening of the gingival;
b) state of hemorrhage
c) state of pus discharge
d) state of the depth of periodontal pocket
e) state of resorption of the alveolar bone
f) state of mobilization of the teeth
g) State of mouth cleaning
h) State of dental calculus
i) State of occlusion
j) State of articulation
3. As results, following conclusions were obtained
a) Both the maxilla and mandibula assumed mountainous curves with the peak in the anterior teeth, especially pronounced in the mandibula
b) Although the anterior teeth in the mandibula was rather freguently affected, no great difference was seen among the whole teeth
c) The tendency was similar to that of hemorrhage, being more pronounced in the incisor teeth of the mandibula and the first molar of the maxilla
d) Although the mandibula showed a mild slope with the peak in the anterior teeth, no great difference was seem among the whole teeth in the maxilla
e) In both the maxilla and mandibula the incisor teeth showed the most pronounced changes, while changes among the molars were freguently seen only in the first molar of the mandibula
f) The tendency closely resembles resorption but the first molar of mandibulla showed relatively minor changes
g) Except for the tendency of good condition in the left buccal side, of the teeth of the maxilla, changes were marked in the anterior teeth, while the molar teeth showed pronounced changes in the maxilla. Mild changes were seen in all teeth,
h) In the mandibula, changes were marked in the anterior teeth, while the molar teeth showed pronounced changes in the maxilla. Mild changes were seen in all teeth
i) Malocclusion was seen in more than 60% ABNORMAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE TEETH WAS SEEN IN MORE THAN 30% The former was more pronounced in females while the latter was freguent in males. Both were markedly seen in the anterior teeth
j) In the study of abnormal articulation with Christensen phenomenon as the standard highly statistical significance was seen both in males and females especially in the anterior teeth
Сократ или промт тебе в помощь, втыкаешь текст туды, а потом приводишь получившееся к нормальному по смыслу. Некеоторые медицинские термены переводчики не поймут, но сам досмыслишь или со словарем посидишь.
"Клинические и экспериментальные исследования этиологии хрен знает чего (тут надо быть врачём чтобы эти все термины понимать).
Этиология всей этой хрени на данный момент находится в состоянии продвигающегося ощупью в темноте (что написанно, то написанно, американский небось, мать его, стиль). При изучении этиологии этого заболевания, широкий взгляд на проблему с конституцональной (как медицинский термин) точки зрения естественно должен дополнять простую, локальную, точку зрения. Однако, в качестве выходной точки, следует детально изучить характеристи локальных изменений этого заболевания, и лишь затем конституциональный фактор или факторы должны быть добавлены для синтетических вычислений...."
Батенька, это Вы часом не к кандидатскому минимуму по английскому языку готовитесь? Текст соответсвующего уровня. Тут хрен что поймешь без медицинского образования.
Берите лингву, лучше официалку (она почему-то больше терминов содержит, чем неофициальная).
А вообще, чтобы перевести этот текст, надо быть медиком и шарить в терминах, знания английского нужны минимальные.
А зачем текст переводить?... Это вообще, насколько понимаю, просто тезисы.... Выводы - последний абзац в конце (их так всегда пишут, тезисы имею в виду.)
Я читаю - все понимаю без словоря, но, пердон, набивать на клаве столько не смогу..... Лень-матушка, богиня-покровительница студентов.... ) Может, устно наговорить а кассету оставить в условленом месте, а?..
Да нет, школьник не справится с терминологией.... Пиорея из альвеолярных отверстий, хронический прикорневой периодонтит... М-м-м.... Покажите мне этого школьника! (извините, без словоря перевожу - по-моему, так)
Вступительное собеседование в 1 класс:
- Чем отличаются мальчики и девочки?
- Как тетя, вы не знаете? ХРОМОСОМАМИ!!!..
Просто мама у девочки - генетик с ч/ю.... )
